Studies on tree belts ( Fang and Ling, 2003 Islam et al., 2012) showed important noise attenuations, being their density, height, length, and width the most effective factors. Using vegetation in the reduction of urban noise is a concept that has gained much attention around the world. Many of the measures usually used to control noise in highways or industrial environments, as high noise barriers, cannot be used in dense urban emplacements, because of space limitations, safety, or visual impacts. The outdoor noise level that arrives to a receptor depends on the kind and speed of the vehicle, the distance between the source and the receiver, likewise the obstacles between them and the characteristics of the environment that can affect the sound propagation, besides their subjective effects. Potential effects of noise include speech interference, ear discomfort, sleep disturbance alterations in concentration capacity, decrease of productivity, and problems in children’s learning ( Kang, 2006).Īlthough there are many sources of noise related with people activities and machinery, road traffic is the most important urban noise. Noise pollution in urban environments is a frequent cause of discomfort, health, and psychological problems ( IGCB, 2010). Cantalapiedra, in Nature Based Strategies for Urban and Building Sustainability, 2018 Introduction The hierarchy of control for a reduction of hearing loss to personnel is illustrated.Īna M. Various control measures for the abatement of noise pollution have been studied. The average noise level of various equipment used inside the washery generally ranges from 85 to 110 dB. Exposure in excess of 115 dB is not permitted with unprotected ears as it runs the risk of hearing impairment. A noise level up to 90 dB does not have any appreciable effect. Different people react differently to the same type of noise. The greater the difference between the two individual noise sources, the lower is the combined noise level. Two noises of exactly the same level can have a combined noise level that is 3 dB higher than the individual values. This chapter analyses noise mathematically and the effects of multiple sources are examined. Noise pollution is unwanted sound, it needs to be controlled to make the workplace comfortable. Because much of the noise pollution in natural habitats is caused by vehicle traffic, generators, and development in general, noise pollution often exacerbates the problems associated with habitat destruction and fragmentation ( Barber et al., 2010).ĭilip Kumar, Deepak Kumar, in Sustainable Management of Coal Preparation, 2018 Abstract Reductions in bird populations and foraging activities can in turn negatively impact seed dispersion, affecting ecosystem services and diversity ( Francis et al., 2012).
Additionally, bird species that rely on vocal communication and other various species, such as nocturnal animals, haven been shown to avoid areas with noise pollution ( Barber et al., 2010 Bayne et al., 2008). Animals that use noise for hunting, such as bats and owls, and prey species that rely on noise to detect predators may have decreased patterns of foraging, reducing growth and survivability ( Barber et al., 2010 Kight and Swaddle, 2011). Chronic noise exposure is especially disruptive for species that rely on sound for communication or hunting ( Bayne et al., 2008). Noise pollution has a negative impact on wildlife species by reducing habitat quality, increasing stress levels, and masking other sounds. Common mining and mineral processing activities that contribute to noise pollution include overburden removal, drilling and blasting, excavating, crushing, loading and unloading, vehicular traffic, and the use of generators. Noise generated by mining operations is often of higher intensity than natural noise, and mining operations can occur throughout the night. Although noise constantly surrounds us, noise pollution generally receives less attention than water quality and air quality issues because it cannot be seen, tasted, or smelled. Noise pollution can be defined as any disturbing or unwanted noise that interferes or harms humans or wildlife. Domen M.S., in Environmental Impact of Mining and Mineral Processing, 2016 Noise Pollution
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